Find Weekend Zumba: Saturday Zumba Classes Near Me Today!

Find Weekend Zumba: Saturday Zumba Classes Near Me Today!

The phrase under consideration represents a location-based query, specifically the desire to find fitness instruction focused on the Zumba discipline, offered on the specified day of the week, and within the user’s immediate geographical vicinity. It is a practical search term indicative of an individual seeking readily accessible and timely opportunities for physical activity. For instance, an individual might input this query into a search engine to locate studios or gyms offering Zumba sessions convenient to their schedule and location.

Such searches reflect a growing trend toward prioritizing convenience and accessibility in fitness routines. The benefits of participating in Zumba include improved cardiovascular health, increased muscle endurance, and enhanced mood due to the release of endorphins. The availability of classes on a weekend day like Saturday is particularly important for individuals with weekday work commitments, enabling them to pursue fitness goals without conflicting with their professional obligations. Historically, the rise of localized searches has empowered consumers to make informed decisions about services and products available in their immediate locale, fostering greater engagement within their communities.

This exploration establishes a foundation for discussing factors influencing the prevalence of these particular exercise options, including regional demographic trends, the strategic planning of fitness facilities, and the role of online platforms in connecting instructors with potential participants.

Tips for Locating Weekend Zumba Instruction

The following guidelines aim to assist individuals in efficiently identifying and selecting appropriate Zumba classes scheduled for Saturdays in their local area.

Tip 1: Utilize Precise Search Terms: Employ specific keywords, including neighborhood names or prominent landmarks, in conjunction with “Zumba classes” and “Saturday” to narrow search results. For example, “Zumba classes Saturday Downtown District” yields more relevant results than a generic search.

Tip 2: Leverage Online Mapping Tools: Utilize mapping applications to visualize the geographic distribution of fitness studios and community centers offering Zumba programs. Inputting “Zumba classes” into the map search will display nearby locations; filter results by Saturday availability.

Tip 3: Consult Local Community Centers: Community centers often host affordable Zumba classes. Review their websites or contact them directly to inquire about Saturday schedules and registration procedures.

Tip 4: Explore Social Media Platforms: Local fitness instructors and studios frequently advertise Zumba class schedules on social media platforms. Search relevant hashtags and follow local fitness-related accounts.

Tip 5: Review Online Class Platforms: Many online platforms offer virtual Zumba classes, some of which may be structured to align with Saturday schedules. Evaluate the credentials of instructors and read user reviews before enrolling.

Tip 6: Check Local Gym Schedules: Major gym chains often include Zumba in their group fitness offerings. Consult gym websites or mobile applications to ascertain Saturday class availability and timing.

Tip 7: Contact Instructors Directly: Once potential instructors are identified, reach out to them directly to confirm class schedules, pricing, and registration details. Direct communication allows for clarification of any specific concerns.

Effective application of these strategies can significantly improve the efficiency of locating and selecting appropriate Zumba classes available on Saturdays, facilitating participation in a beneficial physical activity.

This guidance prepares the way for exploring considerations in choosing the right class that is aligned with individual needs and preferences.

1. Proximity

1. Proximity, Near

Proximity, in the context of locating Zumba classes on Saturdays, represents a critical factor governing the accessibility and feasibility of consistent participation. Its influence extends beyond mere geographic distance, encompassing considerations of travel time, transportation options, and the overall impact on an individual’s schedule and motivation.

  • Travel Time and Convenience

    Travel time represents a tangible cost associated with accessing Zumba classes. Extended commute times can detract from the overall appeal, particularly for individuals with demanding schedules. The convenience of a nearby location minimizes disruption to daily routines and promotes adherence to a regular exercise regimen. For instance, a class within walking or biking distance presents a significantly lower barrier to entry than one requiring a lengthy drive.

  • Transportation Accessibility

    The availability and reliability of transportation options directly influence the accessibility of Zumba classes. Individuals without personal vehicles may rely on public transit, which necessitates careful consideration of route schedules and travel times. The presence of walkable or bikeable infrastructure further enhances accessibility for those seeking active transportation alternatives. A location poorly served by public transit may effectively exclude potential participants lacking alternative means of access.

  • Integration with Daily Routines

    Close proximity facilitates the integration of Zumba classes into existing daily routines. A class located near one’s workplace, residence, or childcare facility can be seamlessly incorporated into the schedule without requiring significant deviations. This integration reduces the perceived burden of attending classes and increases the likelihood of sustained participation. For example, attending a class during a lunch break or immediately after work becomes a viable option when proximity is optimized.

  • Psychological Impact and Motivation

    The perceived effort required to attend a Zumba class is inversely proportional to its proximity. A shorter distance translates to a reduced psychological barrier, enhancing motivation and reducing the likelihood of procrastination. The ease of access can contribute to a positive association with the exercise, fostering a sense of commitment and enjoyment. The knowledge that a class is readily accessible can serve as a powerful motivator, particularly on days when motivation is lacking.

In summary, proximity represents a multifaceted element influencing not only the physical accessibility of Zumba classes but also the psychological willingness to participate. Optimizing proximity necessitates a holistic consideration of travel time, transportation options, integration with daily routines, and the overall impact on an individual’s motivation and adherence to a fitness program. The selection of classes should prioritize locations that minimize barriers and maximize convenience to promote long-term engagement.

2. Schedule

2. Schedule, Near

The term “Schedule,” when coupled with the search for Zumba classes on Saturdays in proximity to the user, constitutes a crucial filter determining the viability and practicality of participation. The alignment of class timing with personal availability is paramount in ensuring sustained engagement. The subsequent exploration delves into facets of schedule that hold significant influence on the selection process.

  • Timing Relative to Personal Commitments

    The congruence between offered class times and pre-existing obligations such as work schedules, family responsibilities, and other appointments is a decisive factor. A class offered at a time that directly conflicts with another commitment is inherently unsuitable. For example, an individual working a standard 9-to-5 workday would require a class scheduled before or after those hours, or during a lunch break, to facilitate participation. The absence of suitable time slots renders the proximity of the class irrelevant.

  • Duration and Intensity

    The duration and intensity of a Zumba class contribute significantly to its compatibility with an individual’s schedule and fitness level. A longer, more intense class may require a greater time commitment for preparation, participation, and recovery, impacting the availability for other activities. Conversely, a shorter, less demanding class may be more easily incorporated into a busy schedule, particularly for beginners or those with time constraints. The balance between the class’s physical demands and the time investment is a critical consideration.

  • Class Frequency and Consistency

    The frequency with which Zumba classes are offered on Saturdays, and the consistency of that schedule over time, influence the ability to establish a regular exercise routine. A class offered only sporadically may not provide the structure needed for sustained participation. Conversely, a consistent schedule, with classes offered at the same time each Saturday, allows for predictable planning and integration into a long-term fitness regimen. The reliability of the schedule is essential for building a consistent exercise habit.

  • Impact on Weekend Activities

    Participation in a Saturday Zumba class necessitates a consideration of its impact on other weekend activities. The time allocated to the class, including travel, participation, and post-exercise recovery, must be balanced against the desire to engage in social, recreational, or domestic pursuits. The suitability of a class schedule is therefore contingent on its compatibility with an individual’s broader weekend priorities and commitments. A class that excessively infringes on leisure time may be deemed less desirable, even if otherwise convenient.

Read Too -   Find Fun Zumba Classes Near Westminster MD Today!

In conclusion, the schedule of Zumba classes offered on Saturdays is a multi-faceted determinant of their accessibility and suitability. Factors such as alignment with personal commitments, duration and intensity, class frequency, and impact on weekend activities collectively dictate the degree to which a class can be seamlessly integrated into an individual’s lifestyle. A comprehensive assessment of these facets is essential for optimizing the selection process and maximizing the likelihood of sustained participation.

3. Instruction

3. Instruction, Near

Instruction, within the scope of locating Zumba classes on Saturdays in one’s vicinity, constitutes a pivotal element affecting participant experience and overall benefit. The quality and style of instruction significantly influence engagement, safety, and the attainment of fitness goals. The subsequent analysis elucidates key facets of instruction influencing the selection of suitable Zumba classes.

  • Instructor Qualifications and Certifications

    The credentials held by a Zumba instructor directly reflect their formal training and demonstrated competence in the discipline. Valid certifications from recognized Zumba training organizations, such as Zumba Fitness, LLC, ensure the instructor possesses the requisite knowledge of choreography, safety protocols, and instructional techniques. Verification of certifications provides assurance of a baseline level of expertise. A lack of appropriate credentials raises concerns regarding the instructor’s ability to deliver safe and effective instruction. For instance, a certified instructor will be equipped to modify movements for individuals with physical limitations, while an uncertified instructor may lack this crucial skill.

  • Teaching Style and Communication Skills

    An instructor’s teaching style and communication proficiency are integral to creating an engaging and accessible learning environment. Effective instructors demonstrate clarity in their explanations, provide constructive feedback, and foster a supportive atmosphere. Their ability to communicate complex movements in a readily understandable manner directly impacts participants’ ability to follow along and execute exercises correctly. An instructor with poor communication skills may struggle to convey instructions effectively, leading to frustration and potential injury. Conversely, a skilled communicator will adapt their approach to accommodate diverse learning styles and fitness levels, maximizing participant engagement.

  • Class Structure and Choreography

    The structure of a Zumba class, including the warm-up, cool-down, and choreography, significantly influences its effectiveness and appeal. A well-structured class will incorporate a progressive sequence of movements designed to gradually increase intensity and prepare the body for exertion. The choreography should be varied, engaging, and appropriate for the skill level of the participants. A poorly structured class may lack a proper warm-up, increasing the risk of injury, or feature overly complex choreography that is difficult for beginners to follow. Effective instructors adapt their choreography to cater to different fitness levels and preferences, ensuring a challenging yet accessible workout for all participants.

  • Instructor Experience and Adaptability

    An experienced Zumba instructor possesses a wealth of knowledge regarding movement modifications, injury prevention, and participant motivation. They can adapt their instruction to accommodate individuals with varying fitness levels, physical limitations, or specific needs. Their ability to recognize and respond to individual challenges contributes to a safe and inclusive learning environment. An inexperienced instructor may lack the skills to effectively address participant needs or adapt their instruction to accommodate diverse abilities. Seasoned instructors draw upon their experience to create a dynamic and engaging class that caters to the unique needs of each participant.

These facets of instruction underscore the critical role of instructor qualifications, teaching style, class structure, and experience in shaping the overall Zumba class experience. The careful evaluation of these factors is essential for selecting classes that provide effective, safe, and enjoyable instruction, thereby maximizing the potential benefits of participation. Informed choices about instructors and their methodologies contribute significantly to realizing the fitness and enjoyment goals associated with engaging in Zumba activities.

4. Cost

4. Cost, Near

Cost, in relation to the search query “zumba classes on Saturday near me,” represents a significant factor influencing the accessibility and feasibility of participation for prospective students. The financial implications associated with engaging in these classes directly impact the decision-making process and determine whether individuals can readily incorporate them into their fitness routines. Considerations extend beyond the basic price per class and encompass various associated expenses.

  • Membership Fees vs. Drop-In Rates

    Fitness facilities and studios typically offer a range of pricing structures, including monthly or annual membership fees and per-class drop-in rates. Membership fees often provide access to unlimited classes or discounted rates, which may be advantageous for individuals planning to attend Zumba classes regularly. Conversely, drop-in rates offer greater flexibility for those with infrequent or unpredictable schedules. The optimal choice depends on the anticipated frequency of attendance and the overall cost-effectiveness of each option. Selecting the appropriate pricing structure can significantly impact the overall expense of participating in Zumba classes.

  • Equipment and Attire Costs

    While Zumba primarily relies on bodyweight movements, certain equipment and attire may be recommended or required, contributing to the overall cost. Appropriate athletic shoes designed for lateral movements are essential for injury prevention and performance. Additionally, moisture-wicking clothing can enhance comfort during intense workouts. While not always mandatory, these items represent an additional expense to consider when evaluating the financial implications of participating in Zumba classes. Specific class formats or instructors may also recommend or require additional accessories, further impacting costs.

  • Travel Expenses

    Although the search query specifies “near me,” travel expenses can still represent a non-negligible factor contributing to the overall cost. Fuel costs, public transportation fares, and parking fees can accumulate over time, particularly if the Zumba class location is not within walking or biking distance. These expenses should be considered alongside the direct cost of the class when evaluating the financial feasibility of participation. Choosing a closer location or utilizing alternative transportation methods can help mitigate these expenses.

  • Introductory Offers and Discounts

    Many fitness facilities and studios offer introductory promotions, trial periods, or discounted rates to attract new customers. These offers can provide a cost-effective way to sample Zumba classes and assess their suitability before committing to a long-term membership or package. Taking advantage of these opportunities can significantly reduce the initial financial burden and allow prospective participants to evaluate the value proposition before making a substantial investment. Active searching for and utilizing introductory offers and discounts can improve the financial accessibility of Zumba classes.

Read Too -   Find Fun Zumba Classes Near Springfield, MO!

The various facets of cost, including membership structures, equipment needs, travel considerations, and available discounts, interact to influence the overall financial burden associated with engaging in Zumba classes on Saturdays. A comprehensive assessment of these factors, tailored to individual circumstances and preferences, is essential for making informed decisions and maximizing the value derived from participation. Strategic planning and cost-conscious choices can enable individuals to enjoy the benefits of Zumba while maintaining budgetary constraints.

5. Skill level

5. Skill Level, Near

The consideration of skill level is paramount when evaluating “zumba classes on saturday near me.” The efficacy and enjoyment derived from participation are significantly influenced by the alignment between the participant’s existing fitness capabilities and the demands of the Zumba class. Discrepancies in skill level can lead to diminished effectiveness or increased risk of injury.

  • Beginner-Friendly Classes

    Classes designated as “beginner-friendly” are designed to introduce fundamental Zumba steps and choreography at a slower pace. These classes typically feature simplified routines and modifications to accommodate individuals with limited dance experience or lower fitness levels. They often incorporate detailed instruction and emphasize proper form to establish a solid foundation for future progression. The availability of beginner-friendly options in proximity enhances accessibility for individuals new to Zumba or returning after a period of inactivity. These classes may explicitly state “Beginner Zumba” in their descriptions.

  • Intermediate/Advanced Classes

    Zumba classes labeled as “intermediate” or “advanced” are intended for participants with prior Zumba experience and a higher level of fitness. These classes feature more complex choreography, faster tempos, and increased intensity. Participants are expected to possess a solid understanding of basic Zumba steps and be comfortable executing more challenging movements. Attempting these classes without sufficient preparation can lead to frustration or an increased risk of injury. These advanced classes might feature specialized choreography or focus on specific genres.

  • Class Descriptions and Level Indicators

    Fitness facilities and studios typically provide descriptions of their Zumba classes, including information about the intended skill level. These descriptions may use terms such as “beginner,” “intermediate,” “advanced,” or “all levels.” Careful review of these descriptions is crucial to ensure that the class is appropriate for one’s current fitness abilities. Some facilities also utilize a rating system to indicate the intensity level of the class, further assisting in the selection process. A “level 1” class will be less intense and technical, and will be suitable for beginners.

  • Instructor Assessment and Modification

    A qualified Zumba instructor will assess the skill level of participants during the class and provide modifications to accommodate individual needs. They will offer alternative movements for those who are struggling with the choreography or experiencing physical limitations. An experienced instructor can also provide progressions for more advanced participants, ensuring that everyone is challenged and engaged. The instructor’s ability to adapt the class to the diverse skill levels of the participants is a key indicator of class quality.

Ultimately, the selection of “zumba classes on saturday near me” necessitates a careful assessment of one’s own skill level and a thorough review of class descriptions and instructor qualifications. Choosing a class that aligns with current abilities promotes a positive and effective learning experience, maximizing both enjoyment and fitness benefits. Starting with beginner-level classes and gradually progressing to more challenging options ensures a safe and sustainable approach to Zumba.

6. Class style

6. Class Style, Near

The configuration of “Class style” exerts a significant influence on the selection process when seeking “zumba classes on saturday near me.” Class style encompasses diverse elements defining the ambiance, format, and thematic focus of a Zumba session. This directly affects participant engagement, satisfaction, and alignment with individual fitness preferences.

  • Music Genre and Rhythms

    Zumba’s core is its fusion of Latin American dance styles, yet individual classes exhibit variance in musical genres. Some classes might emphasize traditional salsa and merengue, while others incorporate reggaeton, cumbia, or even international rhythms. The chosen music significantly shapes the class’s energy and appeal. A participant seeking a high-energy, modern experience may prefer classes featuring contemporary Latin pop, while someone drawn to classic styles might opt for traditional Latin rhythms. Discrepancies between musical preferences and the class’s sonic landscape diminish enjoyment and adherence.

  • Intensity Level and Choreography Complexity

    Zumba class styles differ in terms of intensity and the complexity of dance routines. Some classes cater to beginners with simplified steps and lower-impact movements, while others challenge experienced participants with intricate choreography and high-energy sequences. A mismatch between fitness level and class intensity leads to frustration or potential injury. A beginner attempting an advanced class may struggle to keep pace, whereas an experienced participant might find a beginner-level class insufficiently challenging. Classes specifically designated as “Zumba Toning” or “Aqua Zumba” incorporate additional fitness elements beyond the core Zumba format.

  • Thematic Focus and Specializations

    Certain Zumba classes incorporate thematic elements or specialize in particular aspects of fitness. For example, “Zumba Toning” integrates resistance training with light weights to enhance muscle strength and definition. “Zumba Gold” is designed for active older adults, modifying movements to accommodate age-related physical limitations. Other classes may focus on specific dance styles or cultural themes, offering a unique and immersive experience. A participant seeking to combine cardio with strength training might prioritize “Zumba Toning,” while an older adult would benefit from the modifications offered in “Zumba Gold.”

  • Instructor Personality and Teaching Style

    The instructor’s personality and teaching style significantly shape the overall class experience. Some instructors are highly energetic and motivating, creating a vibrant and engaging atmosphere. Others adopt a more technical approach, focusing on precise movement execution and detailed instruction. The instructor’s communication style, ability to provide modifications, and rapport with participants all contribute to the overall class dynamic. Individuals gravitate towards instructors whose personality and teaching philosophy resonate with their own preferences and learning styles. A mismatch between instructor and participant can result in a less satisfying experience.

In summation, “Class style” represents a constellation of factors shaping the unique characteristics of “zumba classes on saturday near me.” Recognizing and evaluating these elements, including music genre, intensity level, thematic focus, and instructor personality, is crucial for selecting classes that align with individual preferences and fitness goals, ultimately maximizing enjoyment and adherence.

7. Reviews

7. Reviews, Near

The examination of reviews constitutes an integral component in the evaluation of Zumba classes offered on Saturdays within a specific geographic area. Reviews, encompassing both qualitative commentary and quantitative ratings, provide prospective participants with valuable insights into the experiences of previous attendees, influencing their decision-making process.

Read Too -   Top-Rated Best Sneakers for Zumba Class in 2024

  • Assessment of Instructor Quality

    Reviews frequently address the quality of instruction, including the instructor’s expertise, teaching style, and ability to motivate participants. Comments may highlight the instructor’s clarity in explaining choreography, their attentiveness to individual needs, and their overall ability to create an engaging and supportive class environment. For example, a review might state, “The instructor was excellent at breaking down the steps and making the class fun for all skill levels.” Such feedback provides potential students with a sense of the instructor’s capabilities and their potential impact on the learning experience. Consistently positive reviews regarding an instructor’s teaching abilities serve as a strong indicator of class quality.

  • Evaluation of Class Atmosphere and Environment

    Reviews often describe the overall atmosphere and environment of a Zumba class, including factors such as the music selection, the energy level of the participants, and the cleanliness of the studio. Comments may address the inclusivity of the class and the extent to which participants feel comfortable and supported. For example, a review might mention, “The class had a great energy, and everyone was very welcoming and encouraging.” Such feedback provides potential students with a sense of the social dynamic and the overall enjoyment factor of the class. Positive reviews regarding the class atmosphere and environment suggest a welcoming and supportive learning environment.

  • Validation of Schedule Accuracy and Convenience

    Reviews can corroborate the accuracy of the advertised class schedule and assess the convenience of the location and timing. Comments may confirm whether the class starts and ends on time, whether the studio is easily accessible, and whether parking is readily available. For example, a review might state, “The class started promptly at 9 am, and the location was easy to find with ample parking.” Such feedback provides potential students with assurance regarding the reliability of the schedule and the logistical ease of attending the class. Consistent positive reviews regarding schedule accuracy and convenience enhance the perceived value of the Zumba class.

  • Identification of Potential Issues or Concerns

    Reviews can highlight potential issues or concerns that prospective participants should be aware of, such as overcrowding, inadequate ventilation, or outdated equipment. Comments may address negative experiences or suggest areas for improvement. For example, a review might mention, “The studio was quite crowded, making it difficult to move freely.” Such feedback provides potential students with a balanced perspective and allows them to make informed decisions. Addressing recurring negative reviews proactively can significantly improve customer satisfaction and reputation.

Collectively, reviews serve as a valuable source of information for individuals seeking “zumba classes on saturday near me.” By carefully considering the feedback provided by previous attendees, prospective participants can gain a more comprehensive understanding of the class’s quality, atmosphere, and logistical practicality, enabling them to make informed decisions and select classes that align with their individual needs and preferences. The integration of review analysis into the class selection process significantly increases the likelihood of a positive and rewarding Zumba experience.

Frequently Asked Questions

The following section addresses common inquiries pertaining to locating and evaluating Zumba classes offered on Saturdays within a specific geographic area. These questions are designed to provide clarity and guidance for prospective participants.

Question 1: What constitutes a “certified” Zumba instructor, and why is certification important?

A certified Zumba instructor has successfully completed training and received accreditation from Zumba Fitness, LLC, the organization that owns the Zumba trademark. Certification ensures the instructor has acquired the fundamental knowledge of Zumba choreography, safety protocols, and instructional techniques. Selecting a certified instructor mitigates the risk of improper instruction and potential injury.

Question 2: How can one determine if a Zumba class is truly appropriate for beginners?

Beginner-level Zumba classes typically feature simplified choreography, slower tempos, and detailed instruction on fundamental steps. Class descriptions should explicitly state “beginner-friendly” or “all levels welcome.” Consulting reviews from previous participants may also provide insights into the class’s accessibility for beginners.

Question 3: Beyond price per class, what other cost considerations are associated with participating in Zumba?

Additional costs may include appropriate athletic shoes designed for lateral movements, moisture-wicking clothing, and travel expenses to and from the class location. Some classes may require or recommend specialized equipment or accessories. A comprehensive assessment of these expenses is crucial for accurate budgetary planning.

Question 4: How reliable are online reviews in assessing the quality of Zumba classes?

Online reviews can provide valuable insights into the experiences of previous participants; however, it’s essential to consider the source and context of the reviews. Look for reviews from reputable sources and consider the overall trend of opinions rather than relying on isolated comments. Be wary of reviews that appear overly promotional or excessively negative.

Question 5: What are the potential risks associated with participating in Zumba, and how can they be mitigated?

Potential risks include muscle strains, sprains, and joint injuries, particularly if proper warm-up and cool-down routines are not followed. Selecting a certified instructor, wearing appropriate footwear, and listening to the body’s signals can mitigate these risks. Consulting a physician before starting any new exercise program is recommended, particularly for individuals with pre-existing health conditions.

Question 6: If a class is listed as “near me,” what factors should be considered to determine its true accessibility?

Assess the class’s location in relation to personal transportation options, including the availability of public transit and the presence of walkable or bikeable infrastructure. Consider travel time, parking availability, and the integration of the class into daily routines. A class may be geographically proximate but logistically challenging to attend due to transportation limitations or scheduling conflicts.

The preceding questions offer a comprehensive overview of key considerations when evaluating Zumba classes offered on Saturdays within a defined geographic area. Careful attention to these factors can facilitate informed decision-making and promote a safe and rewarding fitness experience.

This FAQ section serves as a valuable resource for prospective Zumba participants, paving the way for the next article section.

Conclusion

The preceding analysis elucidates the multifaceted considerations inherent in the selection of “zumba classes on saturday near me.” Proximity, schedule, instructor qualifications, cost, skill-level appropriateness, class style, and independent reviews emerge as critical determinants influencing participant satisfaction and long-term adherence. The relative importance of each element is contingent on individual priorities and logistical constraints. Diligent evaluation of these factors enables prospective participants to make informed decisions, aligning their fitness pursuits with personal needs and preferences.

The persistent demand for accessible and convenient fitness options underscores the enduring relevance of location-specific queries such as “zumba classes on saturday near me.” Ongoing attention to emerging trends in fitness instruction, technological advancements in class scheduling and delivery, and the evolving needs of diverse populations will be essential to ensure equitable access to beneficial physical activities within local communities. Fitness seekers can therefore take these factors into account to maximize their Zumba experience.

Recommended For You

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *